Topic: Science & Innovation

🎯 Lesson Aims

• To expand students’ vocabulary related to science, technology, and innovation.

• To understand and correctly use Present Perfect and Present Perfect Continuous tenses.

• To discuss the impact of innovation on society and everyday life.

• To develop skills in speaking, reading, and writing about scientific progress.

📚 Warm-up Discussion

Ask students:

• What is the most important invention in the 21st century?

• How has technology changed education, medicine, or communication?

• What inventions have made your life easier?

(Encourage students to use “have/has + V3” when answering.)

Grammar Explanationhttps://youtu.be/Q0N0os25TTo?si=9T8LTooblg-FHIPs

1. Present Perfect (have/has + past participle)
➡️ Focuses on completed actions or results that have relevance to the present.
Structure: have/has + V3
Examples:

• Scientists have discovered a new treatment for malaria.

• Technology has changed the way we communicate.

2. Present Perfect Continuous (have/has been + V-ing)
➡️ Focuses on actions that started in the past and continue up to now, or emphasize the duration of an activity.
Structure: have/has been + V-ing
Examples:

• Researchers have been testing the vaccine for over five years.

• Engineers have been working on this robot since 2020.

🧩 Key Difference:

• Present Perfect → Result or completion

• Present Perfect Continuous → Duration or ongoing process